Gram-negative bacteria and their complex cell envelope, which comprises an outer
membrane and an inner membrane, are an important and attractive system for studying the …

Cell envelope plays a dual role in the life of bacteria by simultaneously protecting it from a
hostile environment and facilitating access to beneficial molecules. At the heart of this ability …

Gram-negative bacteria can resist antibiotics by changing the permeability via their outer
membrane. These bacteria have a complex cell envelope that incorporates an outer …

Biological channels facilitate the exchange of molecules across membranes, but general
tools to quantify transport are missing. Electrophysiology is the method of choice to study the …

The outer cell wall of the Gram-negative bacteria is a crucial barrier for antibiotics to reach
their target. Here, we show that the chemical stability of the widely used antibiotic ampicillin …

One of the main fundamental mechanisms of antibiotic resistance in Gram-negative bacteria
comprises an effective change in the membrane permeability to antibiotics. The Gram …

The development of antibiotics against Gram-negative bacteria is a challenge: any active
compound must cross the outer cell envelope composed of a hydrophilic highly charged …

Antibiotics enter into bacterial cells via protein channels that serve as low-energy pathways
through the outer membrane, which is otherwise impenetrable. Insights into the molecular …

The increasing level of antibiotic resistance in Gram-negative bacteria, together with the lack
of new potential drug scaffolds in the pipeline, make the problem of infectious diseases a …

Gram-negative bacteria cause the majority of highly drug-resistant bacterial infections. To
cross the outer membrane of the complex Gram-negative cell envelope, antibiotics permeate …