Genetic studies in animals and humans indicate that gene mutations that functionally perturb
transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) signaling are linked to specific hereditary vascular …

The heart is lined by a single layer of mesothelial cells called the epicardium that provides
important cellular contributions for embryonic heart formation. The epicardium harbors a …

Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) converts epithelial cells to mobile and
developmentally plastic mesenchymal cells. All cells in the heart arise from one or more …

Members of the Snail family of transcription factors have been shown to induce epithelial-
mesenchymal transition (EMT), a fundamental mechanism of embryogenesis and …

Snail family proteins are key regulators of epithelial-mesenchymal transition, but their role in
endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is less well studied. We show that Slug, a Snail …

The molecular mechanisms of epithelial-mesenchymal transformation (EMT) have long
been studied to gain a greater understanding of this distinct change in cellular morphology …

Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β is a multifunctional cytokine expressed by almost every
tissue and cell type. The signal transduction of TGF-β can stimulate diverse cellular …

Re-activating quiescent adult epicardium represents a potential therapeutic approach for
human cardiac regeneration. However, the exact molecular differences between inactive …

A long and productive history in biomedical research defines the chick as a model for human
biology. Fundamental discoveries, including the description of directional circulation …

Congenital heart defects affect approximately 1–5% of human newborns each year, and of
these cardiac defects 20–30% are due to heart valve abnormalities. Recent literature …