Abstract Background and Rationale The dynorphin/kappa opioid receptor (KOR) system has
been implicated as a critical component of the stress response. Stress-induced activation of …

Efficacy has been defined in receptor pharmacology as a proportionality factor denoting the
amount of physiological response a given ligand imparts to a biological system for a given …

Opiate analgesics are widely used in the treatment of severe pain. Because of their
importance in therapy, different strategies have been considered for making opiates more …

The dopamine transporter (DAT) regulates the clearance of dopamine (DA) released into the
extracellular space and is an important site on which psychostimulants act to produce their …

G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) have recently joined the list of cell surface receptors
that dimerize. Dimerization has been shown to alter the ligand-binding, signaling, and …

G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) comprise the largest family of transmembrane
receptors in the human genome that respond to a plethora of signals, including …

Since the serendipitous discovery of the first class of modern antidepressants in the 1950's,
all pharmacotherapies approved by the Food and Drug Administration for major depressive …

No field more eagerly awaits a molecular clarification for G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR)
dimerization than the opioid receptor field. Extensive evidence of pharmacological and …

G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) signal through allostery, and it is increasingly clear
that chemically distinct agonists can produce different receptor-based effects. It has been …

This review represents the focus of a symposium that was presented at the “Alcoholism and
Stress: A Framework for Future Treatment Strategies” conference in Volterra, Italy on May 3 …