The swiftly changing climate presents a challenge to organismal fitness by creating a
mismatch between the current environment and phenotypes adapted to historic conditions …

Climate change refugia in the terrestrial biosphere are areas where species are protected
from global environmental change and arise from natural heterogeneity in landscapes and …

How ocean acidification will affect marine organisms depends on changes in both the long-
term mean and the short-term temporal variability of carbonate chemistry,,,,,,–. Although the …

Worldwide, coral reef ecosystems are experiencing increasing pressure from a variety of
anthropogenic perturbations including ocean warming and acidification, increased …

Kāneʻohe Bay, which is located on the on the NE coast of Oʻahu, Hawaiʻi, represents one
of the most intensively studied estuarine coral reef ecosystems in the world. Despite a long …

The persistence of reef building corals is threatened by human-induced environmental
change. Maintaining coral reefs into the future requires not only the survival of adults, but …

Our understanding of the response of reef‐building corals to changes in their physical
environment is largely based on laboratory experiments, analysis of long‐term field data …

Coral reefs have great biological and socioeconomic value, but are threatened by ocean
acidification, climate change and local human impacts. The capacity for corals to adapt or …

Boron is considered to be a biological trace element but there is substantial and growing
support for it to be classified as an essential nutrient for animals and humans, depending on …

Globally, oyster reef restoration is one of the most widely applied coastal restoration
interventions. While reefs are focal points of processes tightly linked to the carbonate system …