The increasing demand for the multidimensional and dynamic control of light has spurred
the development of stimuli‐responsive, reconfigurable, and programmable optical systems …

Responsive materials possess the inherent capacity to autonomously sense and respond to
various external stimuli, demonstrating physical intelligence. Among the diverse array of …

Self-oscillating coupled systems possess the ability to actively absorb external
environmental energy to sustain their motion. This quality endows them with autonomy and …

The self‐assembly of liquid crystals (LCs) is a fascinating method for controlling the
organization of discrete molecules into nanostructured functional materials. Although LCs …

Self-sustainable autonomous locomotion is a non-equilibrium phenomenon and an
advanced intelligence of soft-bodied organisms that exhibit the abilities of perception …

Soft actuators are constituted by a type of intelligent materials, and they can generate
reversible mechanical motions under external stimuli. They usually achieve continuous …

Photoswitchable molecules have garnered considerable attention for their versatility and
diverse applications, spanning from solar energy harvesting and storage to drug delivery …

The efforts in soft materials actuators that can generate driving deformation under external
energy stimulation have promoted the rapid development in miniature sized robotics …

More recently, soft actuators have evoked great interest in the next generation of soft robots.
Despite significant progress, the majority of current soft actuators suffer from the lack of real …

With the development of conformable photonic platforms, particularly those that could be
interfaced with the human body or integrated into wearable technology, there is an ever …