Brain plasticity refers to the remarkable property of cerebral neurons to change their
structure and function in response to experience, a fundamental theoretical theme in the …

First promulgated in 1959, the 3Rs of Replacement, Reduction and Refinement have
evolved as fundamental principles underlying the use of animals and alternatives in science …

The provision of environmental enrichment (EE) for laboratory rats is recommended in
European guidelines governing laboratory animal welfare. It is believed the EE …

The global demand for table eggs has increased exponentially due to the growing human
population. To meet this demand, major advances in hen genetics, nutrition, and husbandry …

One hallmark of psychiatric conditions is the vast continuum of individual differences in
susceptibility vs. resilience resulting from the interaction of genetic and environmental …

Environmental enrichment (EE) was shown recently to accelerate brain development in
rodents. Increased levels of maternal care, and particularly tactile stimulation through licking …

Environmental enrichment (EE) has beneficial neurobiological, physiological and behavioral
effects. The purpose of the present paper is to review the animal research literature …

The quality of the social environment can have profound influences on the development and
activity of neural systems with implications for numerous behavioral and physiological …

While it is well established that stress can increase risk for a broad range of health and
disease outcomes (eg, major depression, cardiovascular disease), less is known about …

Environmental enrichment of laboratory mice can improve the quality of research, but debate
arises over the means of enrichment and its ability to be used in a sterile environment. One …