The human innate and adaptive immune systems consist of effector cells producing
cytokines (interleukins, interferons, chemokines, and numerous other mediators). Usually, a …

The endothelial cells lining the brain capillaries separate the blood from the brain
parenchyma. The endothelial monolayer of the brain capillaries serves both as a crucial …

In face of the everlasting battle toward COVID-19 and the rapid evolution of SARS-CoV-2, no
specific and effective drugs for treating this disease have been reported until today …

The combat against the Corona virus disease of 2019 (COVID-19), has created a chaos
among the healthcare institutions and researchers, in turn accelerating the dire need to …

Meningitis is an inflammation of the meninges and subarachnoid space that can also involve
the brain cortex and parenchyma. It can be acquired spontaneously in the community …

SARS-CoV-2 viruses are positive single-stranded RNA viruses, whose infection can be
asymptomatic or lead to the coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19). Covid-19 is a respiratory …

Basigin, also called CD147 or EMMPRIN, is a transmembrane glycoprotein that belongs to
the immunoglobulin superfamily. Basigin has isoforms; the common form (basigin or basigin …

The blood–brain barrier, which is one of the tightest barriers in the body, protects the brain
from insults, such as infections. Indeed, only a few of the numerous blood-borne bacteria …

Prokaryotes have engineered sophisticated surface nanomachines that have allowed them
to colonize Earth and thrive even in extreme environments. Filamentous machineries …

The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has already caused over a million deaths worldwide, and
this death toll will be much higher before effective treatments and vaccines are available …