This paper empirically investigates the various effects that source and destination countries'
financial development (SFD and DFD respectively) have on foreign direct investment (FDI) …

Abstract Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) inflows to emerging nations exhibit a big variation.
To what extent do host-country regulatory and institutional variables attract or repel FDI? We …

This paper reviews the different concepts of measuring activities of multinational
corporations. It aims at working out the economic relationships that theoretically exist …

Many international business (IB) studies have used foreign direct investment (FDI) stocks to
measure the aggregate value-adding activity of multinational enterprises (MNE) affiliates in …

This paper argues that the foreign direct investment (FDI) data commonly used to test
political science theories about FDI often diverge from the theorized about phenomena in …

In the early 1990s, cross-border capital flows rose sharply. Their composition also changed
in meaningful ways. An increasing share of flows directed towards developing countries …

In a complex global production landscape, the quest for measures of economic activity by
multinational enterprises (MNEs) has become more pressing. Foreign Direct Investment …

We agree with Aguinis and Gabriel that, contrary to Eden and Nielsen, international
business (IB) is not uniquely complex, but argue that it faces two unique challenges. First …

Multinational enterprises (MNEs) are able to shift investments between home and host
countries to minimize the negative effects of changes in the macroeconomic environment …

This paper discusses the different concepts of measuring multinational corporations'
activities to provide empirical researchers helpful guidelines about which measures to use in …