The Gram-negative envelope is a complex structure that consists of the inner membrane, the
periplasm, peptidoglycan and the outer membrane, and protects the bacterial cell from the …

RcsB, a response regulator of the FixJ/NarL family, is at the center of a complex network of
regulatory inputs and outputs. Cell surface stress is sensed by an outer membrane …

The outer polysaccharide capsule and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) antigens are key targets for
novel control strategies targeting Klebsiella pneumoniae and related taxa from the K …

As the most abundant microbes on Earth, novel bacteriophages (phages; bacteria-specific
viruses) are readily isolated from environmental samples. However, it remains challenging …

Many bacteria export extracellular polysaccharides (EPS) and capsular polysaccharides
(CPS). These polymers exhibit remarkably diverse structures and play important roles in the …

Abstract Background Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are considered as the most potential
alternatives to antibiotics, but they have several drawbacks, including high cost, medium …

Phenotypic heterogeneity displayed by a clonal bacterial population permits a small fraction
of cells to survive prolonged exposure to antibiotics. Although first described over 60 y ago …

The Rcs phosphorelay is a complex signaling pathway found in many, but not all, members
of the Enterobacteriaceae. The complexity of this pathway is due to the direct involvement of …

Diatoms and their associated extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) are major
constituents of the microalgal assemblages present within sea ice. Yields and chemical …

The Rcs phosphorelay system, a non-orthodox two-component regulatory system, integrates
environmental signals, regulates gene expression, and alters the physiological behavior of …