Vascular disruption is the underlying cause of cerebral hemorrhage, including intracerebral,
subarachnoid and intraventricular hemorrhage. The disease etiology also involves cerebral …

Knowledge about the dynamic metabolism and function of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
physiology has rapidly progressed in recent decades. It has traditionally been suggested …

Background The blood–brain barrier (BBB) maintains homeostasis of the brain environment
by tightly regulating the entry of substances from systemic circulation. A breach in the BBB …

Although schizophrenia is a brain disorder, increasing evidence suggests that there may be
body-wide involvement in this illness. However, direct evidence of brain structures involved …

Recent evidence implicates cranial border immune compartments in the meninges, choroid
plexus, circumventricular organs, and skull bone marrow in several neuroinflammatory and …

Introduction: Intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) affects both premature infants and adults. In
both demographics, it has high mortality and morbidity. There is no FDA approved therapy …

Aquaporin 1 (AQP1), expressed in epithelial cells of the choroid plexus, and aquaporin 4
(AQP4) present in ependymal cells and glia limitants have been proposed to play a …

Purpose To assess the retinal microvasculature, choriocapillaris, and choroidal thickness in
recent single subcortical infarction (RSSI) patients compared with healthy controls. We also …

Hydrocephalus is a severe complication that can result from intracerebral hemorrhage,
especially if this hemorrhage extends into the ventricles. Our previous study indicated that …

Abstract Copolymer-1 (Cop-1) is a peptide with immunomodulatory properties, approved by
the Food and Drug Administration of United States in the treatment of multiple sclerosis. Cop …