The spectrin-based membrane skeleton is a ubiquitous membrane-associated two-
dimensional cytoskeleton underneath the lipid membrane of metazoan cells. Mutations of …

Focal adhesions (FAs) connect inner workings of cell to the extracellular matrix to control cell
adhesion, migration and mechanosensing. Previous studies demonstrated that FAs contain …

Background Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) can undergo inadequate
osteogenesis or excessive adipogenesis as they age due to changes in the bone …

Force generation and motility by actomyosin in nonmuscle cells are spatially regulated by∼
40 tropomyosin (Tpm) isoforms. The means by which Tpms are targeted to specific cellular …

Cardiac muscle α-actin is a key protein of the thin filament in the muscle sarcomere that,
together with myosin thick filaments, produce force and contraction important for normal …

Focal adhesions (FAs) connect inner workings of the cell to the extracellular matrix to control
cell adhesion, migration, and mechanosensing,. Previous studies demonstrated that FAs …

The actin cytoskeleton is composed of both branched and unbranched actin filaments. In
mammals, the unbranched actin filaments are primarily copolymers of actin and …

Tropomyosin is an actin binding protein which protects actin filaments from cofilin-mediated
disassembly. Distinct tropomyosin isoforms have long been hypothesized to differentially …

The actin cytoskeleton plays a key role in cell migration and cellular morphodynamics in
most eukaryotes. The ability of the actin cytoskeleton to assemble and disassemble in a …

For animal cells to be able to maintain or modify their shape, the actin cytoskeleton needs to
be dynamic and able to respond in a matter of seconds. For instance, when cells enter …