The Earth as a planetary system has experienced significant change since its formation c.
4.54 Gyr ago. Some of these changes have been gradual, such as secular cooling of the …

Knowledge of temperature and pressure, however qualitative, has been central to our views
of geology since at least the early 19th century. In 1822, for example, Charles Daubeny …

Pressure is one of the key variables that controls magmatic phase equilibria. However,
estimating magma storage pressures from erupted products can be challenging. Various …

Differentiation of hydrous primary, mantle-derived magmas is a fundamental process to
generate evolved intermediate to SiO2-rich compositions forming the bulk of the continental …

A revised regular solution-type thermodynamic model for twelve-component silicate liquids
in the system SiO 2-TiO 2-Al 2 O 3-Fe 2 O 3-Cr 2 O 3-FeO-MgO-CaO-Na 2 OK 2 OP 2 O 5-H …

Phase relations of natural aphyric high-alumina basalts and their intrusive equivalents were
determined through rock-melting experiments at 2 kb, H 2 O-saturated with f O 2 buffered at …

This paper presents the first comprehensive major and trace element data for∼ 130 abyssal
peridotite samples from the Pacific and Indian ocean ridge–transform systems. The data …

When Harry Hess first proposed the theory of seafloor spreading, he imagined that mantle
peridotite upwelling at midocean ridges reacted with water to form a serpentinite oceanic …

Exposed, subduction-related magmatic arcs commonly include sections of ultramafic
plutonic rocks that are composed of dunite, wehrlite, and pyroxenite. In this experimental …

The continental crust has an andesitic composition with high Mg/(Mg+ Fe) and Ni contents
which may be too high to have formed by differentiation of basaltic magmas. Instead, mantle …