A general theory of planet formation has been a topic of intense study over many years. The
interest in such a theory emerges naturally from asking the question of where our planet …

The population of small, close-in exoplanets is bifurcated into super-Earths and sub-
Neptunes. We calculate physically motivated mass–radius relations for sub-Neptunes, with …

Theoretical studies of giant planet formation suggest that substantial quantities of metals—
elements heavier than hydrogen and helium—can be delivered by solid accretion during the …

The radius valley (or gap) in the observed distribution of exoplanet radii, which separates
smaller super-Earths from larger sub-Neptunes, is a key feature that theoretical models must …

Neptune-sized planets exhibit a wide range of compositions and densities, depending on
factors related to their formation and evolution history, such as the distance from their host …

Abstract Magnesium Oxide (MgO) and water (H2O) are abundant in the interior of planets.
Their properties, and in particular their interaction, significantly affect the planet interior …

Sub-Neptune exoplanets are commonly hypothesized to consist of a silicate-rich magma
ocean topped by a hydrogen-rich atmosphere. Previous work studying the outgassing of …

Super-Earths span a wide range of bulk densities, indicating a diversity in interior conditions
beyond that seen in the solar system. In particular, an emerging population of low-density …

We performed ab initio molecular dynamics simulations for pressures and temperatures from
300–5000 GPa and 3000–30 000 K in order to determine the equation of state of solid and …

Context. The number of exoplanets with precise mass and radius measurements is
constantly increasing thanks to novel ground-and space-based facilities such as HARPS …