Research on cognitive control and executive function has long recognized the relevance of
motivational factors. Recently, however, the topic has come increasingly to center stage, with …

Goal-directed action in changing environments requires a dynamic balance between
complementary control modes, which serve antagonistic adaptive functions (eg, to shield …

Highlights•Motivation may have a preferential impact on proactive cognitive control
mechanisms.•Dopamine signals may enhance control by modulating prefrontal task …

Growing evidence suggests that positive affect and reward have differential effects on
cognitive control. So far, however, these effects have never been studied together. Here, the …

This study examined the effect of strategy instruction and incentives on performance,
confidence, and calibration accuracy. Individuals (N= 107) in randomly assigned treatment …

Previous work has demonstrated that cognitive control can be influenced by affect, both
when it is tied to the anticipated outcomes for cognitive performance (integral affect) and …

A spate of research has examined how individuals regulate effortful processing in service of
goal-directed behaviors. One key challenge in developing an account of this regulation is …

Although people seek to avoid expenditure of cognitive effort, reward incentives can
increase investment of processing resources in challenging situations that require cognitive …

Adaptive behavior requires the ability to focus on a current task and protect it from distraction
(cognitive stability), as well as the ability to rapidly switch to another task in light of changing …

Cognitive flexibility is critical for intelligent behavior. However, its execution is effortful and
often suboptimal. Recent work indicates that flexible behavior can be improved by the …