The recent epidemics of metabolic diseases, obesity, type 2 diabetes (T2D), liver lipid
disorders and metabolic syndrome have largely been attributed to genetic background and …

Pregnancy in placental mammals places unique demands on the insulin‐producing β‐cells
in the pancreatic islets of Langerhans. The pancreas anticipates the increase in insulin …

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) is a complex disease characterized by β-cell failure in the
setting of insulin resistance. The current evidence suggests that genetic predisposition, and …

Abstract Prolactin (PRL) is a 23-kDa protein hormone that binds to a single-span membrane
receptor, a member of the cytokine receptor superfamily, and exerts its action via several …

Inadequate β-cell mass can lead to insulin insufficiency and diabetes. During times of
prolonged metabolic demand for insulin, the endocrine pancreas can respond by increasing …

Sir2 NAD-dependent deacetylases connect transcription, metabolism, and aging. Increasing
the dosage or activity of Sir2 extends life span in yeast, worms, and flies and promotes fat …

New information about the effects of prolactin (PRL) on metabolic processes warrants re-
evaluation of the overall metabolic actions of PRL. PRL affects metabolic homeostasis by …

This is the third in a series of Perspectives on intracellular signaling pathways coupled to
proliferation in pancreatic β-cells. We contrast the large knowledge base in rodent β-cells …

Islet transplantation may be used to treat type I diabetes. Despite tremendous progress in
islet isolation, culture, and preservation, the clinical use of this modality of treatment is …

Maternal metabolic adaptations during pregnancy ensure appropriate nutrient supply to the
developing fetus. This is facilitated by reductions in maternal peripheral insulin sensitivity …