Astrocyte-mediated inflammation is associated with degenerative pathologies such as
Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases and multiple sclerosis. The acute inflammation and …

Since the initial description of astrocytes by neuroanatomists of the nineteenth century, a
critical metabolic role for these cells has been suggested in the central nervous system …

Highlights•INST-MFA is based on isotopically non-stationary tracer experiments.•It currently
represents the most advanced form of metabolic flux analysis.•INST-MFA is superior to …

Although oligodendrocytes constitute a significant proportion of cells in the central nervous
system (CNS), little is known about their intermediary metabolism. We have, therefore …

Metabolomics, the study of all the small molecules in and outside a cell and fluxomics,
comprising all conversion rates in a cell, are increasingly used in fundamental and applied …

Mitochondria play essential metabolic roles in neural cells. Mitochondrial dysfunction has
profound effects on the brain. In primary mitochondrial diseases, mutations that impair …

Mitochondrial dysfunction has been shown to contribute to age-related and proliferative
retinal diseases. Over the past decade, the primary human fetal RPE (hfRPE) culture model …

Induced pluripotent stem cell bear the potential to differentiate into any desired cell type and
hold large promise for disease-in-a-dish cell-modeling approaches. With the latest advances …

Anaplerosis occurs predominately in astroglia through the action of pyruvate carboxylase
(PC). The rate of PC (Vpc) has been reported for cerebral cortex (or whole brain) of awake …

Availability of homogeneous astrocyte populations would facilitate research concerning cell
plasticity (metabolic and transcriptional adaptations; innate immune responses) and cell …