Maintenance of peripheral tolerance by CD4+ Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) is essential
for regulating autoreactive T cells. The loss of function of Foxp3 leads to autoimmune …

Regulatory T cells (Treg) are known to be critical for the maintenance of immune
homeostasis by suppressing the activation of auto-or allo-reactive effector T cells through a …

CD4+ helper T (Th) cell subsets are critically involved in the pathogenesis of asthma. Naive
Th cells differentiate into different subsets under the stimulation of different sets of cytokines …

The gastrointestinal tract has to harmonize the two seemingly opposite functions of fulfilling
nutritional needs and avoiding the entry of pathogens, toxins and agents that can cause …

IL-4 and IL-13 play a critical role in allergic asthma pathogenesis via their common receptor
IL-4Rα. However, the cell-specific role of IL-4Rα in mixed allergen (MA)-induced allergic …

During infections, the timings of effector differentiation of pulmonary immune responses are
of paramount importance, as pathogen persistence and unsuppressed inflammation can …

Emerging evidence supports the involvement of nervous system in the regulation of immune
responses. Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2), which function as a crucial bridge between …

To the Editor, Asthma is the most common chronic inflammatory disease of the lung,
characterized by wheezing, shortness of breath and variable airflow obstruction. It is a …

Epithelial-derived IL-33 (Interleukin-33), as a member of alarm signals, is a chemical
substance produced under harmful stimuli that can promote innate immunity and activate …

Birch pollen (BP) is a clinically relevant aeroallergen source affecting up to 16% of the
European population. Can birch pollen directly influence the IL-4/IL-4R interaction to …