Tyrosine, phenylalanine and tryptophan are the three aromatic amino acids (AAA) involved
in protein synthesis. These amino acids and their metabolism are linked to the synthesis of a …

Allosteric transition, defined as conformational changes induced by ligand binding, is one of
the fundamental properties of proteins. Allostery has been observed and characterized in …

Amino acids signal to the mTOR complex I (mTORC1) growth pathway through the Rag
GTPases. Multiple distinct complexes regulate the Rags, including GATOR1, a GTPase …

X-ray scattering is uniquely suited to the study of disordered systems and thus has the
potential to provide insight into dynamic processes where diffraction methods fail. In …

Highlights•Recently developed genome engineering tools facilitate pathway control.•Novel
genetic regulators enable multi-level static and dynamic control.•State-of-the-art applications …

By combining advanced omics technology and computational modeling, systems biologists
have identified and inferred thousands of regulatory events and system-wide interactions of …

In the recent years, engineering new-to-nature CO 2-and C1-fixing metabolic pathways
made a leap forward. New, artificial pathways promise higher yields and activity than natural …

Highlights•The ACT domain is a 60–70 residue domain with a topology.•The ACT domain is
associated with the allosteric regulation of enzymes of amino-acid metabolism.•ACT …

The multi-domain enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH) catalyzes the hydroxylation of
dietary I-phenylalanine (Phe) to I-tyrosine. Inherited mutations that result in PAH enzyme …

Bacteria can evolve rapidly under positive selection owing to their vast numbers, allowing
their genes to diversify by adapting to different environments. We asked whether the same …