Although opioids are highly effective for the treatment of pain, they are also known to be
intensely addictive. There has been a massive research investment in the development of …

1 In this study we have examined the effects of nociceptin, an endogenous ligand for the
opioid‐like receptor ORL1, on the membrane properties of rat locus coeruleus (LC) …

μ opioid receptors are subject to phosphorylation and desensitization through actions of at
least two distinct biochemical pathways: agonist-dependent μ receptor phosphorylation and …

The differential ability of various μ-opioid receptor (MOP) agonists to induce rapid receptor
desensitization and endocytosis of MOP could arise simply from differences in their efficacy …

μ-Opioid receptor (MOR) desensitization and endocytosis have been implicated in tolerance
and dependence to opioids. The efficiency of each process is known to be agonist …

The interaction between the stress axis and endogenous opioid systems has gained
substantial clinical attention as it is increasingly recognized that stress predisposes to opiate …

Opioid tolerance and dependence are important phenomena. The contribution of acute μ‐
opioid receptor regulatory mechanisms to the development of analgesic tolerance or …

Phosphorylation of the μ-opioid receptor (MOR) is known as a key step in desensitization
and internalization but the role in the development of long-term tolerance at the cellular level …

Many G protein-coupled receptor-mediated responses desensitize within minutes.
Sustained stimulation of μ-opioid receptors (MORs), which primarily signal through Gi/o …