The cerebroplacental ratio (CPR) is emerging as an important predictor of adverse
pregnancy outcome, and this has implications for the assessment of fetal well-being in …

BACKGROUND The placenta is the functional interface between the mother and the fetus
during pregnancy, and a critical determinant of fetal growth and life-long health. In the first …

Fetal growth restriction can result from a variety of maternal, fetal, and placental conditions. It
occurs in up to 10% of pregnancies and is a leading cause of infant morbidity and mortality …

In 2004 the American Society of Echocardiography (ASE) guidelines and standards for the
performance of fetal echocardiography were published. 1 The writing group, commissioned …

Objective The cerebroplacental ratio (CPR) has been proposed for the routine surveillance
of pregnancies with suspected fetal growth restriction (FGR), but the predictive performance …

Background: Fetal Growth Restriction (FGR) is one of the most common noxious antenatal
conditions in humans, inducing a substantial proportion of preterm delivery and leading to a …

Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is most commonly caused by placental insufficiency, in
response to which the fetus adapts its circulation to preserve oxygen and nutrient supply to …

Background The cerebroplacental ratio has been proposed as a marker of failure to reach
growth potential near term. Low cerebroplacental ratio, regardless of the fetal size, is …

Dewhurst's textbook of obstetrics & gynaecology Dewhurst’s Textbook of Obstetrics &
Gynaecology Page 2 This book is dedicated to my wife, Gill, and my children, Alastair, Nicholas …

Background Late-onset intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) results from a failure of the
placenta to supply adequate nutrients and oxygen to the rapidly growing late-gestation fetus …