Up to 84 000 tons of dye can be lost in water, and 90 million tons of water are attributed
annually to dye production and their application, mainly in the textile and leather industry …

Enzymes have played a crucial role in mankind's challenges to use different types of
biological systems for a diversity of applications. They are proteins that break down and …

The use of chemicals around the globe in different industries has increased tremendously,
affecting the health of people. The modern world intends to replace these noxious chemicals …

Biocatalytic potential of microorganisms have been employed for centuries to produce
bread, wine, vinegar and other common products without understanding the biochemical …

Biocatalysis is crucial for a green, sustainable, biobased economy, and this has driven major
advances in biotechnology and biocatalysis over the past 2 decades. There are numerous …

Free‐living cyanobacteria were entrapped by eukaryotic cells~ 2 billion years ago, ultimately
giving rise to chloroplasts. After a century of debate, the presence of chloroplast DNA was …

Microbial enzymes are of great importance in the development of industrial bioprocesses.
Current applications are focused on many different markets including pulp and paper …

A vast array of colorants obtained from natural sources such as plants, insects/animals and
microbes have been scrutinized in recent past for their use in different kinds of applications …

Enzymes are protein molecules functioning as specialized catalysts for chemical reactions.
They have contributed greatly to the traditional and modern chemical industry by improving …

The serious issue of textile waste accumulation has raised attention on biodegradability as a
possible route to support sustainable consumption of textile fibers. However, synthetic textile …