Owing to complex and lengthy geological processes, inclined layered soils are frequently
encountered in geological and geotechnical engineering. Tunneling in such strata threatens …

The design experience and the shallow tunnel theory, which emphasize the plane strain
assumption, two-dimensional (2D) strength theory, and indoor or back analysis-based …

To enhance computational efficiency in reliability analysis, metamodeling has been widely
adopted for reliability assessment. This work develops an efficient reliability method which …

The face stability of a circular tunnel in cohesive–frictional soils was numerically and
theoretically investigated. Three-dimensional (3D) numerical simulations were first …

Deep rock tunneling exhibits a significant three-dimensional (3D) space effect. The complex
stress path and extrusion deformation during excavation are the most significant and …

The face stability of a horseshoe-shaped shield tunnel in undrained clays with a linearly
increasing strength is numerically and analytically investigated in this paper. Based on the …

Reliable prediction of tunnel face stability is a key challenge for tunnel engineering,
especially when drilling in highly fractured rock masses under the water table. This work …

An artificial neural network (ANN) model for predicting the stability of rectangular tunnels in
rock masses based on the Hoek–Brown (HB) failure criterion is presented in this study …

Based on the three-dimensional hydraulic head distribution model and the upper bound
theorem of the limit analysis, a new model was established to calculate the limit support …

The stability on a tunnel face is of great practical significance for safe construction in tunnel
engineering. In this work, an advanced three-dimensional (3D) failure mechanism is …