Stress affects a constellation of physiological systems in the body and evokes a rapid shift in
many neurobehavioral processes. A growing body of work indicates that the …

In the young of many mammalian species, including humans, a vigorous and highly
rewarding social activity is abundantly expressed, known as social play behaviour. Social …

Addictive drugs have in common that they are voluntarily self-administered by laboratory
animals (usually avidly), and that they enhance the functioning of the reward circuitry of the …

Alcoholism is a chronic relapsing disorder. Major characteristics observed in alcoholics
during an initial period of alcohol abstinence are altered physiological functions and a …

The past decade has seen an expansion of research and knowledge on pharmacotherapy
for the treatment of alcohol dependence. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved …

Alcohol is frequently consumed for stress relief, but the individual determinants and the
temporal course of stress-induced alcohol use are not well understood. Preclinical studies …

Food, drugs and brain stimulation can serve as strong rewarding stimuli and are all believed
to activate common brain circuits that evolved in mammals to favour fitness and survival. For …

The endogenous cannabinoid system is an important regulatory system involved in
physiological homeostasis. Endocannabinoid signaling is known to modulate neural …

Environmental stimuli are powerful mediators of craving and relapse in substance‐abuse
disorders. This review examined how animal models have been used to investigate the …

Patients who suffer from alcohol use disorders (AUDs) usually go through various socio-
behavioral and pathophysiological changes that take place in the brain and other organs …