Breast cancer diagnosis, surgery, adjuvant therapies and survivorship can all be extremely
stressful. In women, concerns about body image are common as a result of the disease and …

The X chromosome is unique in the genome. In this review we discuss recent advances in
our understanding of the genetics and epigenetics of the X chromosome. The X …

Mammalian reproduction requires that males and females produce functional haploid germ
cells through complex cellular differentiation processes known as spermatogenesis and …

The mammalian sex chromosomes have undergone profound changes during their
evolution from an ancestral pair of autosomes [1–4]. Specifically, the X chromosome has …

MicroRNAs and siRNAs, both of which are AGO-bound small RNAs, are essential for
mammalian spermatogenesis. Although their precise germline roles remain largely …

Background The use of sex-sorted sperm in cattle assisted reproduction is constantly
increasing. However, sperm fertility can substantially differ between unsorted (conventional) …

Molecular studies of meiosis in mammals have been long relegated due to some intrinsic
obstacles, namely the impossibility to reproduce the process in vitro, and the difficulty to …

Background Sex differences in microRNA (miRNA) expression profiles have been found
across multiple tissues. Skeletal muscle is one of the most sex-biased tissues of the body …

The sterility or inviability of hybrid offspring produced from an interspecific mating result from
incompatibilities between parental genotypes that are thought to result from divergence of …

When individuals do not conform to stereotypes associated with “male” or “female,” they are
often ridiculed, bullied, and rejected, which leads to depression, psychological problems …