Influential theories in psychology, neuroscience, and economics assume that the exertion of
mental effort should feel aversive. Yet, this assumption is usually untested, and it is …

Human behavior is strongly driven by the pursuit of rewards. In daily life, however, benefits
mostly come at a cost, often requiring that effort be exerted to obtain potential benefits …

Preparing for a mentally demanding task calls upon cognitive and motivational resources.
The underlying neural implementation of these mechanisms is receiving growing attention …

Influential theories in psychology, neuroscience, and economics assume that the exertion of
mental effort should feel aversive. Yet, this assumption is usually untested, and it is …

When making decisions, humans aim to maximize rewards while minimizing costs. The
exertion of mental or physical effort has been proposed to be one those costs, translating …

Efficient integration of environmental information is critical in goal-directed behavior.
Motivational information regarding potential rewards and costs (such as required effort) …

Although many studies have investigated the relationship between the amount of effort
invested in a certain task and one's attitude towards the subsequent reward, whether …

The brain's response to sensory input is modulated by prediction. For example, sounds that
are produced by one's own actions, or those that are strongly predicted by environmental …

Human motor behavior involves planning and execution of actions, some more frequently.
Manipulating probability distribution of a movement through intensive direction-specific …

Task preparation has been associated with a transient suppression of corticospinal
excitability (CSE) before target onset, but it is an open question to what extent CSE …