During the course of an immune response, antigen-reactive T cells clonally expand and then
are removed by apoptosis to maintain immune homeostasis. Life and death of T cells is …

Lymphocyte numbers in the blood are used to evaluate the immune status on a daily basis
in medicine. Several studies have documented the normal ranges of lymphocytes and …

Mechanisms utilized by human regulatory T cells (Treg) for elimination of effector cells may
vary. We investigated the possibility that the mechanism of Treg suppression depends on …

Lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system play a crucial role in defending the organism
against pathogens. Initial stimulation via antigen receptors induces activation and …

Abstract The RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK signaling pathway is vital for different cellular
mechanisms including cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. This importance is …

Activation-induced cell death (AICD) of T cells is a process for regulating the peripheral
immune system. The fate of a T cell is controlled by numerous signals derived from various …

The immune system has evolved to allow robust responses against pathogens while
avoiding autoimmunity. This is notably enabled by stimulatory and inhibitory signals which …

AIDS is the result of a constant struggle between the lentivirus HIV and the immune system.
Infection with HIV interferes directly with the function of CD4+ T cells and manipulates the …

Cobalt-chromium (Co-Cr) alloy metal-on-metal hip resurfacing is increasingly common
among younger more active patients suffering from osteoarthritis. Recent reports have …

Progress into the understanding of immunopathology in rheumatoid arthritis is reviewed in
the present article with regard to pro-inflammatory cytokine production, cell activation and …