In just a few years, central banks have rapidly ramped up their research and development
efforts on central bank digital currencies (CBDCs). A growing body of economic research …

This paper provides an overview of the literature examining how the introduction of a CBDC
would affect the banking sector, financial stability, and the implementation and transmission …

We estimate a dynamic banking model to quantify the impact of a central bank digital
currency (CBDC) on the banking system. Our counterfactuals show that a one-dollar …

This paper provides a structured overview of the burgeoning literature on the economics of
CBDC. We document the economic forces that shape the rise of digital money and review …

This paper shows the existence of a central bank trilemma. When a central bank is involved
in financial intermediation, either directly through a central bank digital currency (CBDC) or …

We analyze the role of retail central bank digital currency (CBDC) and reserves when banks
exert deposit market power and liquidity transformation entails externalities. Optimal …

One topic that is gaining importance in central bank communication is central bank digital
currency (CBDC). To better understand central banks' stance towards CBDCs, we used …

This critical literature survey offers a comprehensive understanding of the key aspects and
implications of central bank digital currencies (CBDCs) as a rapidly evolving area of …

We analyse the impact of introducing a central bank-issued digital currency (CBDC) on the
operational framework of monetary policy and the macroeconomy as a whole. To this end …

Directed by the net-zero emission goal, the green bond has become an essential financial
tool to promote the development of the green economy. However, the greenwashing risk …