The last 10 years have witnessed a surge of interest for the mechanisms underlying the
acquisition and extinction of classically conditioned fear responses. In part, this results from …

Astrocytes have long been regarded as essentially unexcitable cells that do not contribute to
active signaling and information processing in the brain. Contrary to this classical view, it is …

Extrasynaptic actions of glutamate are limited by high-affinity transporters expressed by
perisynaptic astroglial processes (PAPs): this helps maintain point-to-point transmission in …

Traditionally, glutamate transporters have been viewed as membrane proteins that harness
the electrochemical gradient to slowly transport glutamate from the extracellular space into …

Cortical plasticity is thought to be important for the establishment, consolidation, and
retrieval of permanent memory. Hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP), a cellular …

Neuropathic pain is caused by a primary lesion or dysfunction in the nervous system.
Investigations have mainly focused on the spinal mechanisms of neuropathic pain, and less …

Altered glutamate transporter expression is a common feature of many neuropsychiatric
conditions, including schizophrenia. Excitatory amino acid transporters (EAATs) are …

Chronic pain often leads to depression, increasing patient suffering and worsening
prognosis. While hyperactivity of the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) appears to be critically …

Much of the research on long-term potentiation (LTP) is motivated by the question of whether
changes in synaptic strength similar to LTP underlie learning and memory. Here we discuss …

The transient receptor potential channel 5 (TRPC5) is predominantly expressed in the brain
where it can form heterotetrameric complexes with TRPC1 and TRPC4 channel subunits …