This paper reports the designing and numerical analysis of dense wavelength-division
multiplexed (DWDM) transmission in an integrated passive optical network (PON)-free …

This paper is focused on the performance analysis of protection mechanisms utilized in
common wavelength division multiplexing-based passive optical networks. The main aim of …

This paper proposes a reliable hybrid 4× 10 Gbps fiber optic-FSO based ring architecture.
The proposed architecture aims to provide reliable and bandwidth-efficient transmission …

A novel free space optics (FSO) and non-zero dispersion shifted fiber (NZDSF) links are
integrated to promote effective high speed data transmission for long haul body area …

Future metro-access optical networks will be large-capacity, low-latency, high-reliability,
large-scale, cost-efficient platforms that support fiber-wireless convergence. However …

Nowadays, the designing and development of next-generation 5G communication systems
are in their infancy stage. The incorporation of survivability, reliability, and transmission …

In this research, we present and design a blended wavelength-division-multiplexing passive
optical network (WDM-PON) architecture to deliver both baseband and free-space optical …

Free space optical (FSO) communication, which has the potential to meet the demand for
high-data-rate communications between satellites and ground stations, requires accurate …

In response to the integration of tourism and media, this paper proposes research on the
integration of tourism and its practice, leadership, and creative business based on smart city …

In this paper, the reasons for the bandwidth and wavelength utilization in future next-
generation passive optical networks are presented, and the possibilities for realization and …