Uncomplicated urinary‐tract infection (UTI) is most common in young, sexually active,
nonpregnant, premenopausal women. Gram‐negative bacteria are isolated from 75% to …

The influence of microorganisms growing as sessile communities in a large number of
human infections has been extensively studied and recognized for 30–40 years, therefore …

Bacteria can form single-and multispecies biofilms exhibiting diverse features based upon
the microbial composition of their community and microenvironment. The study of bacterial …

Chronic infections are frequently caused by polymicrobial biofilms. Importantly, these
infections are often difficult to treat effectively in part due to the recalcitrance of biofilms to …

Highlights•One third of deaths in adults in the elderly are due to infectious disease.•Changes
in the aging immune response increase the risk of infection in the elderly.•Respiratory …

Chronic lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), such as urgency and incontinence, are
common, especially among the elderly, but their etiology is often obscure. Recent studies of …

Communities of microbes can live almost anywhere and contain many different species.
Interactions between members of these communities often determine the state of the habitat …

Mounting evidence indicates that the vagina can harbor uropathogenic bacteria. Here, we
consider three roles played by the vagina and its bacterial inhabitants in urinary tract …

Biofilms are surface-attached communities of bacterial cells embedded in a self-produced
matrix that are found ubiquitously in nature. The biofilm matrix is composed of various …

Pathogens often inhabit the body asymptomatically, emerging to cause disease in response
to unknown triggers. In the bladder, latent intracellular Escherichia coli reservoirs are …