Medicinal chemistry strategies for discovering antivirals effective against drug-resistant viruses

Y Ma, E Frutos-Beltrán, D Kang… - Chemical Society …, 2021 - pubs.rsc.org
During the last forty years we have witnessed impressive advances in the field of antiviral
drug discovery culminating with the introduction of therapies able to stop human …

Infectious RNA: human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) biology, therapeutic intervention, and the quest for a vaccine

Y van Heuvel, S Schatz, JF Rosengarten, J Stitz - Toxins, 2022 - mdpi.com
Different mechanisms mediate the toxicity of RNA. Genomic retroviral mRNA hijacks infected
host cell factors to enable virus replication. The viral genomic RNA of the human …

HIV-1: to splice or not to splice, that is the question

A Emery, R Swanstrom - Viruses, 2021 - mdpi.com
The transcription of the HIV-1 provirus results in only one type of transcript—full length
genomic RNA. To make the mRNA transcripts for the accessory proteins Tat and Rev, the …

Nano-DMS-MaP allows isoform-specific RNA structure determination

P Bohn, AS Gribling-Burrer, UB Ambi, RP Smyth - Nature Methods, 2023 - nature.com
Genome-wide measurements of RNA structure can be obtained using reagents that react
with unpaired bases, leading to adducts that can be identified by mutational profiling on next …

Direct observation of tRNA-chaperoned folding of a dynamic mRNA ensemble

KC Suddala, J Yoo, L Fan, X Zuo, YX Wang… - Nature …, 2023 - nature.com
T-box riboswitches are multi-domain noncoding RNAs that surveil individual amino acid
availabilities in most Gram-positive bacteria. T-boxes directly bind specific tRNAs, query …

Kinetic resolution of the atomic 3D structures formed by ground and excited conformational states in an RNA dynamic ensemble

R Roy, A Geng, H Shi, DK Merriman… - Journal of the …, 2023 - ACS Publications
Knowing the 3D structures formed by the various conformations populating the RNA free-
energy landscape, their relative abundance, and kinetic interconversion rates is required to …

HIV-1 hypermethylated guanosine cap licenses specialized translation unaffected by mTOR

G Singh, B Seufzer, Z Song, D Zucko… - Proceedings of the …, 2022 - National Acad Sciences
Appended to the 5′ end of nascent RNA polymerase II transcripts is 7-methyl guanosine
(m7G-cap) that engages nuclear cap-binding complex (CBC) to facilitate messenger RNA …

5′-Cap sequestration is an essential determinant of HIV-1 genome packaging

P Ding, S Kharytonchyk, N Kuo… - Proceedings of the …, 2021 - National Acad Sciences
HIV-1 selectively packages two copies of its 5′-capped RNA genome (gRNA) during virus
assembly, a process mediated by the nucleocapsid (NC) domain of the viral Gag polyprotein …

Short-and long-range interactions in the HIV-1 5′ UTR regulate genome dimerization and packaging

L Ye, AS Gribling-Burrer, P Bohn, A Kibe… - Nature Structural & …, 2022 - nature.com
RNA dimerization is the noncovalent association of two human immunodeficiency virus-1
(HIV-1) genomes. It is a conserved step in the HIV-1 life cycle and assumed to be a …

Role of RNA structural plasticity in modulating HIV-1 genome packaging and translation

S Yasin, SL Lesko, S Kharytonchyk, JD Brown… - Proceedings of the …, 2024 - pnas.org
HIV-1 transcript function is controlled in part by twinned transcriptional start site usage,
where 5′ capped RNAs beginning with a single guanosine (1G) are preferentially …