The ability of feathers to perform many functions either simultaneously or at different times
throughout the year or life of a bird is integral to the evolutionary history of birds. Many …

Uncertainties in the phylogeny of birds (Avialae) and their closest relatives have impeded
deeper understanding of early theropod flight. To help address this, we produced an …

Bipedal locomotion evolved along the archosaurian lineage to birds, shifting from “hip-
based” to “knee-based” mechanisms. However, the roles of individual muscles in these …

Locomotion has influenced the ecology, evolution, and extinction of species throughout
history, yet studying locomotion in the fossil record is challenging. Computational …

This paper is the last of a three-part series that investigates the architecture of cancellous
bone in the main hindlimb bones of theropod dinosaurs, and uses cancellous bone …

This chapter will cover clade definitions, the relationships within clades as well as the
occasional controversial relationships between different clades. Phylogenies arising from a …

Anatomy of the first flying feathered dinosaurs, modern birds and crocodylians, proposes an
ancestral flight system divided between shoulder and chest muscles, before the upstroke …

Background: Powered flight is implicated as a major driver for the success of birds. Here we
examine the effectiveness of three hypothesized pathways for the evolution of the flight …

A bstract This paper serves two roles. First, it acts as an introduction to Blender, an open-
source computer graphics program, which can be of utility to paleontologists. To lessen the …

Our understanding of caenagnathids has benefited from recent discoveries, including nearly
complete skeletons from the Hell Creek Formation of Montana. However, their phylogenetic …