Behavioral ecologists have long studied the role of coloration as a defense against natural
enemies. Recent reviews of defensive coloration have emphasized that these visual signals …

Facultative colour change is widespread in the animal kingdom, and has been documented
in many distantly related amphibians. However, experimental data testing the extent of …

Quantifying how colours stimulate animal eyes is an essential first step in many areas of
biology, from behavioural and visual ecology to neuroethology. Although multiple methods …

Background To facilitate background matching in heterogenous environments, some
animals rapidly change body colouration. Marine predatory fishes might use this ability to …

Artificial light at night (ALAN) is a pervasive pollutant that influences wildlife at both the
individual and community level. In this study, we tested the individual-level effects of ALAN …

Turbidity represents an obstacle to visual acuity underwater that might entail considerable
consequences for multiple faunal traits. Morphology, especially eye size, could be adjusted …

Background matching and disruptive coloration are common camouflage strategies in
nature, but few studies have accurately measured their protective value in living organisms …

We conducted a study on interpopulation variation of colour patterns in two congeneric
chameleon species, which have an analogous life history. Both species are able to rapidly …

Dynamic colour change is widespread in ectothermic animals, but has primarily been
studied in the context of background matching. For most species, we lack quantitative data …

Predator–prey interactions drive the evolution of prey visual camouflage, but prey species
also must remain conspicuous to their conspecifics for social signaling purposes. Whether …