Posttranslational modifications (PTMs) regulate protein functions and interactions. ADP-
ribosylation is a PTM, in which ADP-ribosyltransferases use nicotinamide adenine …

Nucleases cleave the phosphodiester bonds of nucleic acids and may be endo or exo,
DNase or RNase, topoisomerases, recombinases, ribozymes, or RNA splicing enzymes. In …

DNA repair is essential for life, yet its efficiency declines with age for reasons that are
unclear. Numerous proteins possess Nudix homology domains (NHDs) that have no known …

Nudix hydrolases are found in all classes of organism and hydrolyse a wide range of
organic pyrophosphates, including nucleoside di-and triphosphates, dinucleoside and …

Phosphoribosyl diphosphate (PRPP) is an important intermediate in cellular metabolism.
PRPP is synthesized by PRPP synthase, as follows: ribose 5-phosphate+ ATP→ PRPP+ …

The long-standing assumption that messenger RNA (mRNA) degradation in Escherichia coli
begins with endonucleolytic cleavage has been challenged by the recent discovery that …

Nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase (NPP)-type ectophosphodiesterases are
found at the cell surface as type-I or type-II transmembrane proteins, but are also found …

Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs) are a family of enzymes that catalyze the addition
of poly (ADP-ribose)(PAR) subunits onto themselves and other acceptor proteins. PARPs …

The NUDIX enzymes are involved in cellular metabolism and homeostasis, as well as
mRNA processing. Although highly conserved throughout all organisms, their biological …

Nucleotide sugars have essential roles in every living creature. They are the building blocks
of the biosynthesis of carbohydrates and their conjugates. They are involved in processes …