The traditional two-dimensional (2D) in vitro cell culture system (on a flat support) has long
been used in cancer research. However, this system cannot be fully translated into clinical …

The extracellular matrix (ECM) is one of the major components of tumors that plays multiple
crucial roles, including mechanical support, modulation of the microenvironment, and a …

The physical and architectural cues of the extracellular matrix (ECM) play a critical role in
regulating important cellular functions such as spreading, migration, proliferation, and …

Extracellular matrix (ECM) derived components are emerging sources for the engineering of
biomaterials that are capable of inducing desirable cell-specific responses. This review …

With its wide distribution in soft and hard connective tissues, collagen is the most abundant
of animal proteins. In vitro, natural collagen can be formed into highly organized, three …

Tumor microvasculature tends to be malformed, more permeable, and more tortuous than
vessels in healthy tissue, effects that have been largely attributed to up-regulated VEGF …

3D printing of biological tissues has been of increasing interest to the biomaterials
community in part because of its potential to produce spatially heterogeneous constructs …

The microenvironment is increasingly recognized to have key roles in cancer, and
biomaterials provide a means to engineer microenvironments both in vitro and in vivo to …

Type I collagen hydrogels have been used successfully as three-dimensional substrates for
cell culture and have shown promise as scaffolds for engineered tissues and tumors. A …

In native states, animal cells of many types are supported by a fibrous network that forms the
main structural component of the ECM. Mechanical interactions between cells and the 3D …