The phytohormone salicylic acid (SA) is a small phenolic compound that regulates diverse
physiological processes, in particular plant resistance against pathogens. Understanding SA …

A wide range of association exists in nature of which symbiotic association is the most
evolutionary conserved where both the partners are mutually benefited. However, these …

The innate immune response is, in the first place, elicited at the site of infection. Thus, the
host response can be different among the infected cells and the cells surrounding them …

The ability of plant viruses to propagate their genomes in host cells depends on many host
factors. In the absence of an agrochemical that specifically targets plant viral infection cycles …

A defined balance between the generation and scavenging of reactive oxygen species
(ROS) is essential to utilize ROS as an adaptive defense response of plants under biotic and …

Phytopathogens promote virulence by, for example, exploiting signaling pathways mediated
by phytohormones such as abscisic acid (ABA) and jasmonate (JA). Some plants can …

Plant stress responses involve numerous changes at the molecular and cellular level and
are regulated by highly complex signaling pathways. Studying protein-protein interactions …

Double infections of related or unrelated viruses frequently occur in single plants, the viral
agents being inoculated into the host plant simultaneously (co‐infection) or sequentially …

Rhizobia form symbiotic nitrogen-fixing nodules on leguminous plants, which provides an
important source of fixed nitrogen input into the soil ecosystem. The improvement of …

Salicylic acid (SA) and nitric oxide (NO) are key signaling molecules required to activate the
plant's innate immunity against abiotic stresses and biotrophic attackers. Stress-induced …