Lactic acid and short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) produced by vaginal microbiota have
reported antimicrobial and immune modulatory activities indicating their potential as …

The urogenital tract appears to be the only niche of the human body that shows clear
differences in microbiota between men and women. The female reproductive tract has …

Defining the virus–host interactions responsible for HIV-1 transmission, including the
phenotypic requirements of viruses capable of establishing de novo infections, could be …

Abstract Objectives When Lactobacillus spp. dominate the vaginal microbiota of women of
reproductive age they acidify the vagina to pH< 4.0 by producing∼ 1% lactic acid in a nearly …

Many chemical agents can block human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in the
laboratory. Scientists are investigating which of these, used intravaginally by women, will …

Worldwide, nearly half of all individuals living with HIV are now women, who acquire the
virus largely by heterosexual exposure. With an HIV vaccine likely to be years away, topical …

In addition to direct neutralization and other classical effector functions, IgG possesses a
little recognized and thus under-utilized effector function at mucosal surfaces: Fc-mucin …

Despite the success of antiretroviral therapy (ART), it does not cure Human
Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and discontinuation results in viral rebound. Follicular …

Physiological cervicovaginal acidity can partly inactivate human immunodeficiency virus
(HIV). Basic semen components should be able to partially neutralize in vivo cervicovaginal …

Lactobacillus species, which dominate vaginal microbiota of healthy reproductive-age
women, lower the risks of sexually transmitted infections, including the risk of human …