Adolescence is an important ontogenetic period that is characterized by behaviors such as
enhanced novelty-seeking, impulsivity, and reward preference, which can give rise to an …

The brain regions and neural processes that underlie addiction overlap extensively with
those that support cognitive functions, including learning, memory, and reasoning. Drug …

The past decades have seen a revolution in our understanding of brain diseases and in
particular of drug addiction. This has been largely due to the identification of …

Placental dysfunction leading to fetal growth restriction (FGR) is an important risk factor for
neurodevelopmental delay. Recent observations clarify that FGR evolves prenatally from a …

Maternal smoking during pregnancy continues to represent a major public health concern.
Nicotine is extremely harmful to the developing fetus through many different mechanisms …

While the health risks associated with adult cigarette smoking have been well described,
effects of nicotine exposure during periods of developmental vulnerability are often …

Environmental factors such as maternal smoking can significantly modulate genetically
programmed brain development during foetal life. This review looks at how prenatal …

Rationale Marijuana (MJ) use continues to rise, and as the perceived risk of using MJ
approaches an all-time historic low, initiation of MJ use is occurring at even younger ages …

Multiple studies have demonstrated an association between cigarette smoking and
increased anxiety symptoms or disorders, with early life exposures potentially predisposing …

Tobacco smoking is an extremely addictive and harmful form of nicotine (NIC) consumption,
but unfortunately also the most prevalent. Although disproportionately high frequencies of …