Oxygenic photosynthesis is the principal converter of sunlight into chemical energy.
Cyanobacteria and plants provide aerobic life with oxygen, food, fuel, fibers, and platform …

Abstract F o F 1-ATP synthase is one of the most ubiquitous enzymes; it is found widely in
the biological world, including the plasma membrane of bacteria, inner membrane of …

Mitochondria maintain tight regulation of inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM) permeability
to sustain ATP production. Stressful events cause cellular calcium (Ca2+) dysregulation …

ATP synthases produce ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate with energy from a
transmembrane proton motive force. Bacterial ATP synthases have been studied extensively …

The membrane rotor ring from the vacuolar-type (V-type) sodium ion–pumping adenosine
triphosphatase (Na+-ATPase) from Enterococcus hirae consists of 10 NtpK subunits, which …

Cell-free gene expression systems are biotechnological tools for the in vitro production of
proteins of interest. The addition of membrane vesicles (liposomes) enables the production …

The synthesis of ATP, life's “universal energy currency,” is the most prevalent chemical
reaction in biological systems and is responsible for fueling nearly all cellular processes …

Nano-to micron-size reaction chamber arrays (femtolitre chamber arrays) have facilitated the
development of sensitive and quantitative biological assays, such as single-molecule …

F1F0 ATP synthases convert energy stored in an electrochemical gradient of H+ or Na+
across the membrane into mechanical rotation, which is subsequently converted into the …

Escherichia coli phage‐shock protein A (PspA), a 25.3 kDa peripheral membrane protein, is
induced under the membrane stress conditions and is assumed to help maintain membrane …