Conditional cash transfer (CCT) programs innovate by conditioning transfers to poor families
on investments in the human capital of children and other family members. The Mexican …

The use of propensity scores in psychological and educational research has been steadily
increasing in the last 2 to 3 years. However, there are some common misconceptions about …

A decade ago, the Society of Prevention Research (SPR) endorsed a set of standards for
evidence related to research on prevention interventions. These standards (Flay et al …

Educational policy-makers around the world constantly make decisions about how to use
scarce resources to improve the education of children. Unfortunately, their decisions are …

Since Peter H. Rossi, Mark W. Lipsey, and Howard E. Freeman first published Evaluation: A
Systematic Approach, more than 90,000 readers have considered it the premier text on how …

Problems involving causal inference have dogged at the heels of statistics since its earliest
days. Correlation does not imply causation, and yet causal conclusions drawn from a …

This paper is a practical guide (a toolkit) for researchers, students and practitioners wishing
to introduce randomization as part of a research design in the field. It first covers the …

While managers' accounting and financial decisions are, for many, fascinating topics,
selection bias poses a serious challenge to researchers estimating the decisions' effects …

The chapter critically reviews the methods available for the ex post counterfactual analysis of
programs that are assigned exclusively to individuals, households or locations. The …

This paper analyzes 12 recent within‐study comparisons contrasting causal estimates from
a randomized experiment with those from an observational study sharing the same …