Fishes suspended in water are subject to the complex nature of three-dimensional flows.
Often, these flows are the result of abiotic and biotic sources that alter otherwise uniform …

Fish schooling is a phenomenon of long-lasting interest in ethology and ecology, widely
spread across taxa and ecological contexts, and has attracted much interest from statistical …

Fish maintain high swimming efficiencies over a wide range of speeds. A key to this
achievement is their flexibility, yet even flexible robotic fish trail real fish in terms of …

It has long been proposed that flying and swimming animals could exploit neighbour-
induced flows. Despite this it is still not clear whether, and if so how, schooling fish …

Fish in schooling formations navigate complex flow fields replete with mechanical energy in
the vortex wakes of their companions. Their schooling behavior has been associated with …

Social organisation in animals takes many forms. It includes assemblages of territorial
animals, dominance hierarchies and social groups, among other things. The basic tenet that …

The author shares some lessons learned from a lifetime of working with and thinking about
groups. Three types of groups are described, including the impact they have on the …

As a ripple of light the fish turn. Like some animate fluid, the school glides and turns again.
The synchrony of motion is captivating. A similar integration of behavior can be seen in a …

Fishes moving through turbulent flows or in formation are regularly exposed to vortices.
Although animals living in fluid environments commonly capture energy from vortices …

For animals, being a member of a group provides various advantages, such as reduced
vulnerability to predators, increased foraging opportunities and reduced energetic costs of …