Over the past few decades, modeling, simulation, and optimization tools have received
attention for their ability to represent and improve complex systems. The use of …

The application of white box models in digital twins is often hindered by missing knowledge,
uncertain information and computational difficulties. Our aim was to overview the difficulties …

The most of introduced schemes for the co-production of natural gas liquids (NGL) and
liquefied natural gas (LNG) are designed as integrated configurations from the base …

Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is an important energy carrier and one of the pillars of secure
energy supply in many countries. However, energy requirements and the associated carbon …

A surrogate-based multi-objective optimization framework is employed in the design of
natural gas liquefaction processes using reliable, black-box process simulation. The …

The development of a small skid-mounted natural gas liquefaction plant can economically,
environmentally-friendly, and efficiently collect natural gas in mountainous areas where are …

The propane pre-cooled mixed refrigerant (C3MR) process is one of the most widely used
and efficient natural gas liquefaction processes. However, optimization of this process …

Abstract Higher air-pollutant (CO 2, SO 2, particulates, etc.) emission from coal burning
prohibits the direct use of coal. The demand for clean and sustainable energy is increasing …

Surrogate models are becoming increasingly important in replacing the computationally-
expensive physics-based simulation models in many applications, such as system …

This paper establishes a multi-objective optimization model for railway heavy-haul trains,
focusing on reducing carbon emissions and improving transport efficiency. The model …