Activins are dimeric glycoproteins belonging to the transforming growth factor beta
superfamily and resulting from the assembly of two beta subunits, which may also be …

Since their original discovery as regulators of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) secretion
and erythropoiesis, the TGF-β family members activin and inhibin have been shown to …

GROWTH factors synthesized by ovarian somatic cells directly affect oocyte growth and
function1–6, but it is unclear whether oocyte-secreted factors6–9 play a reciprocal role in …

Bone morphogenetic protein-4 (BMP-4) is a member of the TGF-beta superfamily of
polypeptide signaling molecules, closely related to BMP-2 and to Drosophila …

Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β cytokines signal via a complex network of pathways to
regulate proliferation, differentiation, adhesion, migration, and other functions in many cell …

The discovery of mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells> 20 years ago represented a major
advance in biology and experimental medicine, as it enabled the routine manipulation of the …

HELLP syndrome, also known as the syndrome of hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and
low platelets, represents a severe pregnancy complication typically associated with …

The classical view of ovarian follicle development is that it is regulated by the hypothalamic-
pituitary-ovarian axis, in which gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) controls the …

Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) superfamily signaling pathways are ubiquitous and
essential regulators of cellular processes including proliferation, differentiation, migration …

In type I blepharophimosis/ptosis/epicanthus inversus syndrome (BPES), eyelid
abnormalities are associated with ovarian failure. Type II BPES shows only the eyelid …