Plant hormones are a group of small signaling molecules produced by plants at very low
concentrations that have the ability to move and function at distal sites. Hormone …

Flavonoids are small molecular secondary metabolites synthesized by plants with various
biological activities. Due to their physical and biochemical properties, they are capable of …

Auxins are hormones that have central roles and control nearly all aspects of growth and
development in plants,–. The proteins in the PIN-FORMED (PIN) family (also known as the …

Polar auxin transport is unique to plants and coordinates their growth and development,.
The PIN-FORMED (PIN) auxin transporters exhibit highly asymmetrical localizations at the …

Auxin participates in a multitude of developmental processes, as well as responses to
environmental cues. Compared with other plant hormones, auxin exhibits a unique property …

Light is crucial for plant life, and perception of the light environment dictates plant growth,
morphology, and developmental changes. Such adjustments in growth and development in …

Abstract The PIN-FORMED (PIN) protein family of auxin transporters mediates polar auxin
transport and has crucial roles in plant growth and development,. Here we present cryo …

N-1-naphthylphthalamic acid (NPA) is a key inhibitor of directional (polar) transport of the
hormone auxin in plants. For decades, it has been a pivotal tool in elucidating the unique …

Root system architecture is an important determinant of below-ground resource capture and
hence overall plant fitness. The plant hormone auxin plays a central role in almost every …

Protein phosphorylation modification is crucial for signaling transduction in plant
development and environmental adaptation. By precisely phosphorylating crucial …