Impurity doping is a promising method to impart new properties to various materials. Due to
their unique optical, magnetic, and electrical properties, rare-earth ions have been …

The attractive features of lanthanide-doped upconversion luminescence (UCL), such as high
photostability, nonphotobleaching or photoblinking, and large anti-Stokes shift, have shown …

Lanthanide-doped upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) are capable of converting near-
infra-red excitation into visible and ultraviolet emission. Their unique optical properties have …

Photoluminescence (PL) imaging has become a fundamental tool in disease diagnosis,
therapeutic evaluation, and surgical navigation applications. However, it remains a big …

Avalanche phenomena use steeply nonlinear dynamics to generate disproportionately large
responses from small perturbations, and are found in a multitude of events and materials …

Lanthanide-doped glasses and crystals are attractive for laser applications because the
metastable energy levels of the trivalent lanthanide ions facilitate the establishment of …

Lanthanide-doped upconversion nanocrystals enable anti-Stokes emission with pump
intensities several orders of magnitude lower than required by conventional nonlinear …

Using multi-color visible lights for independent optogenetic manipulation of multiple
neuronal populations offers the ability for sophisticated brain functions and behavior …

Light in the near‐infrared (NIR) spectral region is increasingly utilized in bioapplications,
providing deeper penetration in biological tissues owing to the lower absorption and …

This article gives an overview of the various kinds of nanoparticles (NPs) that are widely
used for purposes of fluorescent imaging, mainly of cells and tissues. Following an …