Viruses of bacteria (bacteriophages or phage) have broad effects on bacterial ecology and
evolution in nature that mediate microbial interactions, shape bacterial diversity, and …

CRISPR-Cas systems provide bacteria and archaea with adaptive, heritable immunity
against their viruses (bacteriophages and phages) and other parasitic genetic elements …

In all organisms, regulation of gene expression must be adjusted to meet cellular
requirements and frequently involves helix–turn–helix (HTH) domain proteins. For instance …

Plasmids are an important source of antibiotic-resistance genes that mobilize horizontally
between bacteria, including many human pathogens. Bacteria express various defense …

Over the past few decades, the interest in lactic acid bacteria (LAB) has been steadily
growing. This is mainly due to their industrial use, their health benefits as probiotic bacteria …

Organisms have evolved a range of constitutive (always active) and inducible (elicited by
parasites) defence mechanisms, but we have limited understanding of what drives the …

The prokaryotic adaptive immune system, CRISPR-Cas (clustered regularly interspaced
short palindromic repeats; CRISPR-associated), requires the acquisition of spacer …

Monitoring the extracellular environment for danger signals is a critical aspect of cellular
survival. However, the danger signals released by dying bacteria and the mechanisms …

CRISPR-Cas systems provide bacteria with both specificity and adaptability in defence
against invading genetic elements. From a theoretical perspective, CRISPR-Cas systems …

Quorum sensing controls the expression of a wide range of important traits in the
opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa, including the expression of virulence …