Parasites have evolved a wide range of mechanisms that they use to evade or manipulate
the host's immune response and establish infection. The majority of the in vivo studies that …

The epithelial lining of the gastrointestinal tract serves as the interface for digestion and
absorption of nutrients and water and as a defensive barrier. The defensive functions of the …

Macrophages are a highly adaptive population of innate immune cells. Polarization with
IFNγ and LPS into the 'classically activated'M1 macrophage enhances pro-inflammatory and …

Macrophages, the major population of tissue‐resident mononuclear phagocytes, contribute
significantly to the immune response during helminth infection. Alternatively activated …

Schistosomiasis is a neglected tropical disease caused by the helminth Schistosoma spp.
and has the second highest global impact of all parasites. Schistosoma are transmitted …

Africa is the second most populous continent and has perennial health challenges. Of the
estimated 181 million school aged children in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), nearly half suffer …

The tapeworm Hymenolepis diminuta is a common parasite of the small intestine in rodents
but it can also infect humans. Due to its characteristics and ease of maintenance in the …

Trichuris muris is a mouse intestinal parasitic nematode that inhabits the large intestine of its
host and induces a strong immune response. The effects of this strong anti-parasite …

Helminth infections are known to influence T and B cell responses in latent tuberculosis
infection (LTBI). Whether helminth infections also modulate monocyte responses in helminth …

It is well established that by modulating various immune functions, host infection may alter
the course of concomitant inflammatory diseases, of both infectious and autoimmune …