Zinc is an essential mineral that is required for normal skeletal growth and bone
homeostasis. Furthermore, zinc appears to be able to promote bone regeneration. However …

Stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF-1), also known as CXC motif chemokine ligand 12
(CXCL12), is recognized as a homeostatic cytokine with strong chemotactic potency. It plays …

Background: Rupture and erosion of advanced atherosclerotic lesions with a resultant
myocardial infarction or stroke are the leading worldwide cause of death. However, we have …

Osteochondral regeneration is an orchestrated process of inflammatory immunity, host cell
response, and implant degradation in tissue engineering. Here, the effects of a platelet-rich …

Transforming growth factor-beta2 (TGF-β2) is recognized as a versatile cytokine that plays a
vital role in regulation of joint development, homeostasis, and diseases, but its role as a …

In lamellar bone, a network of highly oriented interconnected osteocytes is organized in
concentric layers. Through their cellular processes contained within canaliculi, osteocytes …

Although chondrogenesis and osteogenesis are considered as two separate processes
during endochondral bone formation after birth, recent studies have demonstrated the direct …

Regeneration of long-bone segmental defects remains a challenge for orthopedic surgery.
Current treatment options often require several revision procedures to maintain acceptable …

Abstract Purpose of Review Proper cartilage development is critical to bone formation during
endochondral ossification. This review highlights the current understanding of various …

Background As an endocrine organ, the thyroid acts on the entire body by secreting a series
of hormones, and bone is one of the main target organs of the thyroid. Summary This review …