Various mathematical approaches undertaken to model all stages of droplet freezing are
reviewed. The literature is rife with theoretical, experimental, and numerical treatments of the …

Cold thermal energy storage (CTES) is a process that supplies cold thermal energy to a
medium for storage and extracts it whenever is needed. The storage medium is phase …

Nanofluid ice slurry has shown promising potential due to superior heat transfer and lower
supercooling degree. The stability of the nanofluid ice slurry is of paramount importance to …

The importance of developing spray freeze-drying technology for extending the shelf life of
biological and pharmaceutical materials has never been greater, given the increasing food …

Vacuum freeze-drying has been expanding its influence in many fields, and the freezing
stage is of utmost importance for the freeze-drying process. However, the limited …

The semiconductor industry continually seeks optimal methods to avoid nanostructure
collapse during the drying process of semiconductor device manufacturing. Despite the …

In semiconductor manufacturing, the sublimation drying process is crucial but poorly
understood─ particularly regarding the solidification of agents such as cyclohexanol on Si …

In this work, experiments were carried out in line with Design of Experiments (DOE)
standards to assess the performance and emission features of 5% graphene nanoparticles …