The zebrafish (Danio rerio) is rapidly becoming a popular model organism in
pharmacogenetics and neuropharmacology. Both larval and adult zebrafish are currently …

Zebrafish (Danio rerio) are rapidly gaining popularity in translational neuroscience and
behavioral research. Physiological similarity to mammals, ease of genetic manipulations …

Highlights•Assessing pain in animals is problematic without a distinct definition.•We provide
clear criteria for animal pain that can be used to evaluate if pain occurs.•The empirical …

With their large brains, elaborate sense organs and complex behaviour, cephalopods are
among the world's most highly evolved invertebrates. This second edition summarises the …

Previous reviews of stress, and the stress hormone cortisol, in fish have focussed on
physiology, due to interest in impacts on aquaculture production. Here, we discuss cortisol in …

Recent developments in the study of pain in animals have demonstrated the potential for
pain perception in a variety of wholly aquatic species such as molluscs, crustaceans and …

Because of the relative ease of embryonic manipulation and observation, the ability to
produce a great number of genetic mutations, efficient screening methods, and the …

Fish have become a popular experimental model and companion animal, and are also
farmed and caught for food. Thus, surgical and invasive procedures in this animal group are …

Neuropathic pain remains an area of considerable unmet clinical need. Research based on
preclinical animal models has failed to deliver truly novel treatment options, questioning the …

All animals face hazards that cause tissue damage and most have nociceptive reflex
responses that protect them from such damage. However, some taxa have also evolved the …